What is Technical Debt?
Technical debt refers to the accumulated shortcuts, suboptimal solutions, or quick fixes in software development that save time in the short term but create additional work and complexity in the long term. It's like borrowing from the future: by choosing to implement a faster, less ideal solution now, you create "debt" that must be "paid back" later through refactoring, rewriting code, or fixing bugs. Over time, this debt builds up, making the system harder to maintain, scale, and improve.
Technical debt is damaging because it slows down development velocity, increases the cost of future changes, and often leads to bugs or performance issues. As the codebase becomes more complex and fragmented, teams spend more time understanding, fixing, and working around earlier shortcuts rather than adding new features. This can hinder innovation, frustrate developers, and, if left unchecked, result in system instability or even project failure. Managing technical debt through disciplined practices and regular refactoring is crucial to maintaining long-term software health.
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Read more: Common Causes of Technical Debt